Nuclear Medicine Physics: The Basics, 7ed. [Chandra - LIPPINCOTT Williams and Wilkins]
- ISBN/EAN
- 9781451109412
- Editore
- LIPPINCOTT Williams and Wilkins
- Formato
- Brossura
- Anno
- 2011
- Edizione
- 7
- Pagine
- 224
Disponibile
56,00 €
For decades this classic reference has been the book to review to master the complexities of nuclear-medicine physics. Part of the renowned The Basics series of medical physics books, Nuclear Medicine Physics has become an essential resource for radiology residents and practitioners, nuclear cardiologists, medical physicists, and radiologic technologists. This thoroughly revised Seventh Edition retains all the features that have made The Basics series a reliable and trusted partner for board review and reference.
Inside this new edition you’ll find:
More than 100 new and revised illustrations that underscore difficult concepts
Expanded review questions at the end of each chapter—with detailed answers at the end of the book—to help you master the material
Key points at the end of each chapter that serve as helpful reminders of the principal points
Concise text that clearly explains all the pertinent concepts in nuclear medicine physics
Essential mathematical equations that shed further light on key concepts
Five appendices that elaborate on specific topics, such as physical characteristics of radionuclides and CGS and SI Units
Maggiori Informazioni
| Autore | Chandra Ramesh |
|---|---|
| Editore | LIPPINCOTT Williams and Wilkins |
| Anno | 2011 |
| Tipologia | Libro |
| Lingua | Inglese |
| Indice | 1 Basic Review Matter, Elements, and Atoms Simplified Structure of an Atom Molecules Binding Energy, Ionization, and Excitation Forces or Fields Electromagnetic Forces Characteristic X-Rays and Auger Electrons Interchangeability of Mass and Energy 2 Nuclides and Radioactive Processes Nuclides and Their Classification Nuclear Structure and Excited States of a Nuclide Radionuclides and Stability of Nuclides Radioactive Series or Chain Radioactive Processes and Conservation Laws Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay or Isomeric Transition Decay Schemes 3 Radioactivity: Law of Decay, Half-Life, and Statistics Radioactivity: Definition, Units, and Dosage Law of Decay Calculation of the Mass of a Radioactive Sample Specific Activity The Exponential Law of Decay Half-Life Problems on Radioactive Decay Average Life (Tav) Biological Half-Life Effective Half-Life Statistics of Radioactive Decay Poisson distribution, Standard Deviation, and Percent Standard Deviation Propagation of Statistical Errors Room Background 4 Production of Radionuclides Methods of Radionuclide Production Reactor-Produced Radionuclides Accelerator- or Cyclotron-Produced Radionuclides Fission-Produced Radionuclides General Considerations in the Production of Radionuclides Production of Short-Lived Radionuclides, Using a Generator Principles of a Generator Description of a Typical Generator 5 Radiopharmaceuticals Design Considerations for a Radiopharmaceutical Selection of a Radionuclide Selection of a Chemical Development of a Radiopharmaceutical Chemical Studies Animal Distribution and Toxicity Studies Human or Clinical Studies Quality Control of a Radiopharmaceutical Radionuclidic Purity Radiochemical Purity Chemical Purity Sterility Apyrogenicity Labeling of Radiopharmaceuticals with Technetium-99m Technetium-99m-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals Technetium-99m Pertechnetate ( 99m Tc O – 4 ) Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfur Colloid Technetium-99m-Labeled Macroaggregated Albumin (99mTc MAA) Technetium-99m-Labeled Polyphosphate, Pyrophosphate, and Diphosphonate Technetium-99m-Labeled Human Serum Albumin Technetium-99m-Labeled Red Cells Technetium-99m-Labeled 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) Technetium-99m-Labeled Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA) Technetium-99m-Labeled Glucoheptonate Technetium-99m-Labeled Mertiatide (MAG3) Technetium-99m-Labeled 2,6-Dimethyl Acetanilide Iminodiacetic Acid (HIDA) and Related Compounds (Diethyl-IDA, PIPIDA, and DISIDA) Technetium-99m-Labeled Sestamibi (Cardiolite) Technetium-99m-Labeled Tetrofosmin (Myoview) Technetium-99m-Labeled Brain Imaging Agents (Exametazime [Ceretec], Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime [HMPAO], and Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer [ECD]) Radioiodine-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals (131I and 123I) Iodine-131- or Iodine-123-Labeled Sodium Iodide Other Iodine-123-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals Compounds Labeled with Other Radionuclides Gallium-67 Citrate Thallous-201 Chloride Chromium-51-Labeled Red Cells Indium-111-Labeled DTPA Indium-111-Labeled Platelets and Leukocytes Indium-111-Labeled DTPA Pentetreotide (OctreoScan) Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies and Synthetic Peptides Radioactive Gases and Aerosols Radiopharmeceuticals for PET Imaging 18FDG (2-deoxy-fluoro-D-glucose) Radiopharmaceuticals in Pregnant or Lactating Women Therapeutic Uses of Radiopharmaceuticals Design of a Radiopharmaceutical for Therapeutic Uses Problems and Uses Misadministration of Radiopharmaceuticals 6 Interaction of High-Energy Radiation With Matter Interaction of Charged Particles (10 keV to 10 MeV) Principal Mechanism of Interaction Differences between Lighter and Heavier Charged Particles Range R of a Charged Particle Factors That Affect Range, R Bremsstrahlung Production Stopping Power (S) Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Difference between LET and Stopping Power S Annihilation of Positrons Interaction of x- or -rays (10 keV to 10 MeV) Attenuation and Transmission of X- or -Rays Attenuation through Heterogeneous Medium Mass Attenuation Coefficient, (mass) Atomic Attenuation Coefficient, (atom) Mechanisms of Interaction Dependence of (mass) and (linear) on Z Relative Importance of the Three Processes Interaction of Neutrons 7 Radiation Dosimetry General Comments on Radiation Dose Calculations Definitions and Units Radiation Dose, D Radiation Dose Rate, dD/dt Parameters or Data Needed Calculation of the Radiation Dose Step 1: Rate of Energy Emission Step 2: Rate of Energy Absorption General Comments on i(T←S) Step 3: Dose Rate, dD/dt Step 4: Average Dose, D Cumulated Radioactivity Simplification of Radiation Dose Calculations Using “S” Factor Some Illustrative Examples Radiation Doses in Routine Imaging Procedures Radiation Doses in Children Radiation Dose to a Fetus 8 Detection of High-Energy Radiation What Do We Want to Know About Radiation? Simple Detection Quantity of Radiation Energy of the Radiation Nature of Radiation What Makes One Radiation Detector Better Than Another? Intrinsic Efficiency or Sensitivity Dead Time or Resolving Time Energy Discrimination Capability or Energy Resolution Other Considerations Types of Detectors Gas-Filled Detectors Scintillation Detectors (Counters) Semiconductor Detectors 9 In Vitro Radiation Detection Overall Efficiency E Intrinsic Efficiency Geometric Efficiency Well-type NaI(T1) Scintillation Detectors (Well Counters) Liquid Scintillation Detectors Basic Components Preparation of the Sample Detector Vial Problems Arising in Sample Preparation 10 In Vivo Radiation Detection: Basic Problems, Probes, and Rectilinear Scanners Basic Problems Collimation Scattering Attenuation Organ Uptake Probes NaI(Tl) Detector Collimator Miniature Surgical Probes Organ Imaging Devices Rectilinear Scanner 11 In Vivo Radiation Detection: Scintillation Camera Scintillation Camera Collimators Parallel Hole Detector, NaI(Tl) Crystal Position Determining Circuit (x, y Coordinates) Display Imaging with a Scintillation Camera Interfacing with a Computer or All-digital Camera Digitization in General Digitization in the Scintillation Camera Some Applications of Computers Automatic Acquisition of Images Display of Images Analysis of the Images 12 Operational Characteristics and Quality Control of a Scintillation Camera Quantitative Parameters for Measuring Spatial Resolution Point-Spread Function and FWHM Modulation Transfer Function Resolution of an Imaging Chain Quantitative Parameters for Measuring Sensitivity Point Sensitivity Sp Line Sensitivity SL Plane Sensitivity SA Factors Affecting Spatial Resolution and Sensitivity of an Imager Scintillation Camera Loss of Spatial Resolution Resulting from Septal Penetration Variation in Spatial Resolution with Depth Uniformity and High Count Rate Performance of a Scintillation Camera Uniformity High Count Rate Performance Quality Control of Imaging Devices Scintillation Camera 13 Detectability or Final Contrast in an Image Parameters that Affect Detectability of a Lesion Object Contrast Spatial Resolution and Sensitivity of an Imaging Device Statistical (Quantum) Noise Projection of Volume Distribution into Areal Distribution Compton Scattering of -Rays Attenuation Object Motion Display Parameters Contrast-Detail Curve Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve 14 Emission Computed Tomography Principles of Transverse Tomography Considerations in Data Acquisition Reconstruction of the Cross Section Attenuation Correction in Filtered Back Projection Scatter Correction in Filtered Back Projection Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Data Acquisition with a Scintillation Camera Collimators Other Requirements or Sources of Error Dedicated SPECT Systems Positron Emission Tomography Why PET? Principles of PET PET Instrumentation PET-CT and PET-SPECT 15 Biological Effects of Radiation and Risk Evaluation from Radiation Exposure Mechanism of Biological Damage Factors Affecting Biological Damage Radiation Dose Dose Rate LET or Type of Radiation Type of Tissue Amount of Tissue Rate of Cell Turnover Biological Variation Chemical Modifiers Deleterious Effects in Humans Acute Effects Late Effects Radiation Effects in the Fetus Different Radiation Exposures and the Concepts of Equivalent Dose (Dose Equivalent) and Effective Dose (Effective Dose Equivalent) Sources of Radiation Exposure Effective Doses in Nuclear Medicine and Comparison with Other Sources of Exposure 16 Methods of Safe Handling of Radionuclides and Pertaining Rules and Regulations Principles of Reducing Exposure from External Sources Time Distance Shielding Avoiding Internal Contamination The Radioactive Patient Rules and Regulations U.S. Regulatory Agencies Exposure or Dose Limits: Annual Limit on Intake and Derived Air Concentration ALARA Principle Types of Licenses Radiation Safety Committee and Radiation Safety Officer Personnel Monitoring Receipt, Use, and Disposal of Radionuclides Control and Labeling of Areas Where Radionuclides are Stored and/or Used Contamination Survey and Radiation-Level Monitoring Receiving and Shipping (Transport) of Radioactive Packages Accidental Radioactive Spills Appendix A: Physical Characteristics of Some Radionuclides of Interest in Nuclear Medicine Appendix B: CGS and SI Units Appendix C: Exponential Table Appendix D: Radionuclides of Interest in Nuclear Medicine Appendix E: Organ Masses of a Standard Man Answers Suggestions for Further Reading Index |
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