A Brief Review On Quantum Computing And The Shor's Factoring Algorithm

Quantum Information and Quantum Computation are rapidly evolving domains in their theoretical foundations, implementations and applications. The main scope of the present book is to give the basic ideas of this field to undergraduate students in Physics. A rigorous approach is used to provide the key concepts and methods. Many examples are discussed. To be self–contained, the principles of Quantum Mechanics are reviewed. The discussion is aimed to the specific, but paradigmatic, factorization problem of integers, dealt by the Quantum Shor's Algorithm. Thus, notions of the Number Theory are given in the first Chapter, while the exposition of the algorithm and its implementation is reserved to the last Section.